¿Nació Jesús un 25 de Diciembre? : El nacimiento de una tradición.
Hace mucho tiempo, cuando Jesús nació, no había una fecha exacta para celebrar su cumpleaños. La gente celebró su vida en diferentes momentos del año.
Sin embargo, llegó un momento en que un emperador romano muy poderoso llamado Constantino quiso que todos los romanos creyeran en el mismo Dios. Él pensó que sería una buena idea unir una de las fiestas romanas (las saturnales), con la de los cristianos (nacimiento de Jesús).
Un Emperador y un Papa
Constantino, junto con el Papa Julio I, decidieron elegir un día especial para celebrar el nacimiento de Jesús. Pensaron y pensaron hasta que se decidieron por el 25 de diciembre.
¿Por qué esta fecha?
Astronómicamente, el 25 de Diciembre se produce un momento en que el Sol alcanza su punto más bajo en el cielo, marcando el inicio del invierno en el hemisferio norte simbolizando un “renacimiento”, es decir, el 21 de diciembre, solsticio de invierno en el hemisferio norte, el Sol llega a su punto más bajo, permanece “estático” 3 días para luego renacer y comenzar su eclíptica tropical creciente (se comienzan a alargar los días).
En esa época, los romanos ya celebraban una fiesta el 25 de diciembre en honor al nacimiento del Dios Sol, las saturnales.
Dada esta coincidencia de eventos astronómicos y celebraciones paganas, pensaron que sería más fácil para los romanos cambiar su antigua celebración por la nueva fiesta cristiana.
Así es que el Papa Julio I y el emperador Constantino decidieron que el 25 de diciembre sería la fecha oficial para celebrar el nacimiento de Jesús.
Esta decisión fue muy importante porque unió a muchas personas en una misma celebración y luego de la expansión del catolicismo a nivel mundial, contribuyó a hacer de la Navidad una festividad tan arraigada en la cultura humana marcando el comienzo de una tradición que se sigue celebrando hasta hoy en día.
Dato Importante
En América del Sur muchos pueblos y culturas originarias, del 21 al 24 de Junio celebran algo muy similar, el Inti Raymi. Tanto el Inti Raymi como la Navidad marcan el inicio de un nuevo ciclo para cada hemisferio. La Navidad simboliza un renacimiento espiritual, en el caso del Inti Raymi, es el inicio de un nuevo ciclo astronómico y agrícola, como así también espiritual. Ambas festividades están asociadas a la luz y la esperanza. El Sol, en el Inti Raymi, es fuente de vida y energía. En la Navidad, Jesús es representado como la «luz del mundo».
Conclusión
Con la llegada de los españoles, se produjo una mezcla entre las creencias andinas y el cristianismo. Algunas costumbres del Inti Raymi fueron adaptadas y mezcladas con elementos de la Navidad, dando lugar a celebraciones sincréticas.
¿Por qué celebramos la Navidad?
Aunque no sabemos la fecha exacta en que Jesus nació, más allá de las creencias religiosas, Jesús nos mostró ese paso o salto de consciencia, ese amor sin condiciones, el despertar espiritual y un nuevo resurgir lleno de amor y paz, por eso hoy en día, la Navidad es una fiesta muy especial para muchas personas en todo el mundo.
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